Particle energy and Hawking temperature

Some authors have recently found that the tunneling approach gives a different Hawking temperature for a Schwarzschild black hole in a different coordinate system. In this paper, we find that to work out the Hawking temperature in a different coordinate system by the tunneling approach, we must use the correct definition of the energy of the radiating particles. By using a new definition of the particle energy, we obtain the correct Hawking temperature for a Schwarzschild black hole in two dynamic coordinate systems, the Kruskal-Szekers and dynamic Lemaitre coordinate systems.Comment: 11 pages; Accepted by PL

Internet marketing and customer loyalty: Perfect Diary, as an example

Customer loyalty is an eternal topic for companies to improve marketing performance. With the development of the Internet and the application of e-commerce, more and more companies have begun to conduct online marketing. China's cosmetics market is rising day by day, and major brands have also joined the Internet market war. In the era of network economy, the key to competition is no longer to own products, but to own customers. Market competition is essentially a competition for customer resources. Owning customers means owning the market, and losing customers means that the company's property has lost value. Therefore, taking the customer as the center, continuously satisfying customer needs and creating value for customers, establishing and maintaining a long-term and good cooperative relationship with customers, winning customer trust, forming and expanding the company's customer base, and enhancing customer loyalty become The key to the success of online marketing. In-depth research on this issue will help companies grasp the key points of network marketing strategy implementation when implementing network marketing strategies to improve their core competitiveness. This paper summarizes a large number of relevant domestic and foreign literatures through study, combined with the analysis of the factors affecting online customer loyalty, and analyzes the results of the questionnaire, and proposes specific strategies to improve online customer loyalty.A fidelidade do cliente é um tema eterno para as empresas melhorarem o desempenho de marketing. Com o desenvolvimento da Internet e a aplicação do e-commerce, mais e mais empresas começaram a realizar marketing online. O mercado de cosméticos da China está crescendo dia a dia, e grandes marcas também aderiram à guerra do mercado da Internet. Na era da economia de rede, a chave para a competição não é mais possuir produtos, mas sim clientes. A competição de mercado é essencialmente uma competição por recursos de clientes. Possuir clientes significa possuir o mercado, e perder clientes significa que a propriedade da empresa perdeu valor. Portanto, tendo o cliente como o centro, satisfazendo continuamente as necessidades do cliente e criando valor para os clientes, estabelecendo e mantendo um bom relacionamento cooperativo de longo prazo com os clientes, ganhando a confiança do cliente, formando e expandindo a base de clientes da empresa e aumentando a fidelidade do cliente torna-se A chave para o sucesso do marketing online. A pesquisa aprofundada sobre este assunto ajudará as empresas a compreender os pontos-chave da implementação da estratégia de marketing de rede ao implementar estratégias de marketing de rede para melhorar sua competitividade central. Este artigo resume um grande número de literaturas nacionais e estrangeiras relevantes por meio de estudo, combinado com a análise dos fatores que afetam a fidelidade do cliente online, analisa os resultados do questionário e propõe estratégias específicas para melhorar a fidelidade do cliente online

Assigning g in Zellner's g prior for Bayesian variable selection

textThere are numerous frequentist statistics variable selection methods such as Stepwise regression, AIC and BIC etc. In particular, the latter two criteria include a penalty term which discourages overfitting. In terms of the framework of Bayesian variable selection, a popular approach is using Bayes Factor (Kass & Raftery 1995), which also has a natural built-in penalty term (Berger & Pericchi 2001). Zellner's g prior (Zellner 1986) is a common prior for coefficients in the linear regression model due to its computational speed of analytic solutions for posterior. However, the choice of g is a problem which has attracted a lot of attention. (Zellner 1986) pointed out that if g is unknown, a prior can be introduced and g can be integrated out. One of the prior choices is Hyper-g Priors proposed by (Liang et al. 2008). Instead of proposing a prior for g, we will assign a fixed value for g based on controlling the Type I error for the test based on the Bayes factor. Since we are using Bayes factor to do model selection, the test statistic is Bayes factor. Every test comes with a Type I error, so it is reasonable to restrict this error under a critical value, which we will take as benchmark values, such as 0.1 or 0.05. This approach will automatically involve setting a value of g. Based on this idea, a fixed g can be selected, hence avoiding the need to find a prior for g.Statistic

Hawking radiation for a Proca field in D-dimensions

We study the wave equation of a massive vector boson in the background of a D-dimensional Schwarzschild black hole. The mass term introduces a coupling between two physical degrees of freedom of the field, and we solve the resulting system of ODEs numerically, without decoupling. We show how to define decoupled transmission factors from an S-matrix and compute them for various modes, masses and space-time dimensions. The mass term lifts the degeneracy between transverse modes, in D=4, and excites the longitudinal modes, in particular the s-wave. Moreover, it increases the contribution of waves with larger angular momentum, which can be dominant at intermediate energies. The transmission factors are then used to obtain the Hawking fluxes in this channel. Our results alert for the importance of modelling the longitudinal modes correctly, instead of treating them as decoupled scalars as in current black hole event generators; thus they can be used to improve such generators for phenomenological studies of TeV gravity scenarios.Comment: 21 pages, 3 figure

Shoppers under pressure shun time-limited offers

In fact, a super-short ultimatum makes it less likely that people will bite, write Mengjie Wang, Robert Sugden and Daniel Zizz